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Different magma types behave differently as lava flows, depending on their temperature, viscosity, and gas content. Since it its a liquid, it flows downhill in response to gravity as a lava flows. When magma reaches the surface of the earth, it is called lava. Important property in determining the eruptive behavior of magmas.Ĥ5-55 SiO 2 %, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Naĥ5-65 SiO 2 %, intermediate in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, KĦ5-75 SiO 2 %, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na
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Measured as trillions time the viscosity of water). Solids, even though they appear solid have a viscosity, but it very high,
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Million and 100 million times more viscous than water. Rhyolitic magmas tend to have even higher viscosity, ranging between 1 Viscosity is still 10,000 to 100,0000 times more viscous than water. Thus, basaltic magmas tend to be fairly fluid (low viscosity), but their Lower Temperature magmas have higher viscosity than higher temperature magmas.Higher SiO 2 content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO 2 content magmas.On composition, temperature, & gas content. Viscosity is the resistance to flow (opposite of fluidity). Felsic magmas usually have higher gas contents than mafic.Gas gives magmas theirĮxplosive character, because the gas expands as pressure is reduced. Gases - At depth in the Earth nearly all magmas contain gas. Felsic or Rhyolitic- SiO 2 65-75%, low in Fe,.Intermediate or Andesitic- SiO 2 55-65 wt%,.Mafic or Basaltic- SiO 2 45-55 wt%, high in.We'll first review the characteristics of magma that we covered previously. Since volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface, Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions EENS 1110